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Dbms Tutorials

Normalization in DBMS

by anupmaurya December 20, 2022
written by anupmaurya 0 comment
  • Normalization is the process of organizing the data in the database. It is used to reduce redundancy from a relation or set of relations.
  • It is also used to eliminate the abnormalities of Insertion, Update, and Deletion.
  • Normalization divides the larger table into the smaller table and links them using relationships.

Here are type of normal forms:

Normal Form
Types of Normal Form
  • First normal form(1NF)
  • Second normal form(2NF)
  • Third normal form(3NF)
  • Boyce & Codd normal form (BCNF)
Normal FormDescription
1NFA relation is in 1NF if it contains an atomic value (not having multiple-valued attributes).
2NFA relation will be in 2NF if it is in 1NF and all non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key.
3NFA relation will be in 3NF if it is in 2NF and no transition dependency exists.
4NF /BCNFA relation will be in 4NF if it is in Boyce Codd normal form and has no multi-valued dependency.
Normal Form

Now ,we understand each of normal form with example

First normal form (1NF)

As per the rule of first normal form, an attribute (column) of a table cannot hold multiple values. It should hold only atomic values.

Example: Suppose a College wants to store the names and contact details of its student. It creates a table that looks like this:

Stud_idStud_nameStud_addressStud_mobile
101MansiNew Delhi8912314353
102SachinKanpur88990001222
76452343234
103KomalMumbai77345436544
94653565355
104AryanBangalore343123450987
Table Not in 1NF

Two Student (Komal & Sachin) are having two mobile numbers so the college stored them in the same field as you can see in the table above.

This table is not in 1NF as the rule says “each attribute of a table must have atomic (single) values”, the emp_mobile values for employees Sachin & Komal violates that rule.

To make the table complies with 1NF we should have the data like this:

Stud_idStud_nameStud_addressStud_mobile
101MansiNew Delhi8912314353
102SachinKanpur88990001222
102SachinKanpur76452343234
103KomalMumbai77345436544
103KomalMumbai94653565355
104AryanBangalore343123450987
Table in 1NF

Here in above table (Stud_id and Stud_mobile) combined together to act as PRIMARY KEY, which is an example of Composite Primary key.

To know about more

  • Second normal form(2NF)
  • Third normal form(3NF)
  • Boyce & Codd normal form (BCNF)

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Hey there, My name is Anup Maurya. I was born with love with programming and worked with TCS. One of best global (IT) services and consulting company as System Administrator . I also love graphics designing. It's my pleasure to have you here.

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