DBMS Tutorial .What is Data ? Data is a raw fact and figure such as name of person,age, location where is based, or any collection of a distinct small unit of information.
Indexing in DBMS is used to optimize the performance of a database by minimizing the number of disk accesses required when a query is processed. It is a data structure…
ISAM method is an advanced sequential file organization. In this method, records are storedin the file using the primary key. An index value is generated for each primary key andmapped…
In Lock Based protocols, any transaction cannot read or write data until it acquires an appropriate lock on it. There are two types of locks: 1. Shared lock: It is…
In this article, you’ll learn about Closure in DBMS and how to Find Closure Closure of an Attribute Set- The set of all those attributes which can be functionally determined…
Characteristics of DBMS are as follows: A modern DBMS has the following characteristics : Less redundancy –DBMS follows the rules of normalization which is a mathematically rich and scientific process…
In this article, you’ll learn about the types of database utilities and its functions Database utilities have the following types of functions: Loading : A loading utility is used to…
In this tutorial, you will learn about DBMS functions There are several DBMS functions that ensure data integrity and consistency of data in the database. The DBMS functions are as…
Any user who uses database and takes benefits from the database is considered a Database Users. They can be programmers, scientists, engineers, business person or can be an employee. Database…
A B+ tree follows a multi-level index format and is a balanced binary search tree. A B+ tree’s leaf nodes denote actual data pointers. The B+ tree ensures that all…
Concurrency Control in DBMS is a procedure of managing simultaneous operations without conflicting with each other. It ensures that Database transactions are performed concurrently and accurately to produce correct results without…